Filming photons, one million times a second

Filming photons, one million times a second

European researchers have created a CMOS (semiconductor) camera capable of filming individual photons one million times a second. The breakthrough will impact on all the most advanced areas of science and makes Europe the world leader in the technology.

The scientists wanted to create the fastest, highest resolution CMOS (semiconductor) video camera, but to do that they needed to choose an ultra-fast photo detector. They also needed to choose between two competing timing mechanisms or stopwatches, Time to Analogue Convertors (TAC) and Time to Digital Convertors (TDC).

The timing mechanism is important. It can tell, to within a few tens of picoseconds, when the photon arrives at the detector. It creates stunning resolution in time.

Imaging technology has advanced rapidly over the last few years. But the demands of science have advanced even more rapidly. New scientific fields like proteomics - studying the different proteins that form the human body - pose a problem because they require cameras that are capable of recording data at photon-resolution, and extremely fast. That problem is now essentially solved thanks to the work of the Megaframe project, which developed a CMOS video camera that can capture 1024 individual photons at one million frames a second. It can record, to within 100 picoseconds, when the photon arrived at each detector. It is insanely fast.

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